Wild mustards bright yellow flowers may be seen during most of the growing season in Ohio. You can add water, vinegar or … Sinapis arvensis, the charlock mustard, field mustard, wild mustard or charlock, is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae. This plant has no children Legal Status. The species name arvensis is a Latin adjective meaning 'from/of the field'. In fact, its among the few plants in Greenland and is even found near the magnetic north pole. Similar Images . 473, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:16. Pieris rapae, the small white butterfly, and Pieris napi, the green veined white butterfly are significant consumers of charlock during their larval stages. A pod can contain 10-18 seeds each and a large wild mustard plant can product 2000-3500 seeds per plant. The seedlings have broad kidney-shaped cotyledons (seed-leaves) that are indented at the tip. See our post on garlic mustard for details. Food is everywhere — you just need to know how to look. That wild form — which still exists and is known as wild mustard — looks like this: Wild mustard. Vol. Some white and brown mustard seeds will produce a tall mustard tree, while other white mustard seeds produce a leafy mustard plant that's usually grown in gardens. The stems are erect, branched and striated, with coarse spreading hairs especially near the base. It blooms from May to September, or May to August, in the UK. The fact that it is self fertile mean… (MPF/Wikimedia commons) In Ancient Greece and Rome, people began growing the plant in … Sinapis arvensis L. ssp. Because wild mustards are so closely related to our cultivated cole crops, you will quickly notice the shared traits that are reminiscent of these vegetables: leaves like collard greens or kale, flower buds like broccoli, flower stalks and seed pods like all of the above. [2] During the Great Famine of Ireland, wild mustard was a common famine food, even though it often caused stomach upset. – mustard. (By the way: the ‘cole’ in cole crops derives from the Latin caulis, translated as ‘stem,’ alluding to the mustard family’s characteristic flower stalk – now you know! Pieris rapae, the small white butterfly, and Pieris napi, the green veined white butterfly are significant consumers of charlock during their larval stages. When the pods are ripe, they forcibly eject the seeds several feet away from the originating plant. #131588214 - Macro of yellow flowers of wild mustard plant or charlock (Sinapis.. Sinapis arvensis, the charlock mustard, field mustard, wild mustard or charlock, is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis in the family Cruciferae that includes broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale and Brussels sprouts. A truly fascinating plant with a myriad of uses, read on to find out how to use wild mustard as an herb in the landscape. Additional Information. The seeds are dark red or brown,[2] smooth 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Sinapis arvensis, the charlock mustard, field mustard, wild mustard or charlock, is an annual or winter annual plant of the genus Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae. It is found in the fields of North Africa, Asia and Europe. ), Indeed, we couldn’t ask for a better model of the Brassicaceae family as a whole than B. rapa – it is one of the best examples of “taxonomy in action.”. In eastern Europe, it is found within Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. Within Asia, it is found in Arabian Peninsula (in Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caucasus, China, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Siberia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Although attractive, wild mustard plants can quickly spread throughout thin turfgrass, de… Plant breeders developed the starch-storage abilities of different parts of the plant to come up with each unique vegetable. You will often see these plants growing densely by the roadside and in abandoned areas. If you cant find a wild mustard growing near you, you must be living in the middle of a desert cause they even grow in the arctic circle. Botanical Name: Sisymbrium officinale Common names:Common Hedge Mustard, English Watercress, Erysimum Mustard,Oriental Mustard, Oriental Rocket, Thalictroc, Tumbling Mustard, Wild Mustard, Wiry Jack. Wild mustard showing off its characteristic seed pods, which are still immature here. The typical areas Wild Mustard will almost always spawn are behind Sunreaver's Sanctuary, near Antonida's Memorial, in front of the Violet Citadel, and inside of Krasus' Landing. These common vegetables were cultivated from forms of wild mustard. As you become more familiar with this family, you will begin to notice patterns in the taste and smell of the plants. Young leaves make a wonderful addition to a salad, whereas older leaves may be sautéed or added to stir-fries or smoothies. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Yellow mustard weed, more commonly called wild mustard (Brassica kaber or Sinapis arvensis), grows as a winter annual weed throughout the western parts of the United States, but a summer annual weed in cooler areas. Others include the house mouse (Mus musculus, otherwise known as lab rats) and the common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Wild mustard plants are most easily identified by their small and plentiful yellow flowers, growing in clusters atop a long stem. The first year, the plants form a rosette of leaves. Wild Mustard Weed This broadleaf herb grows in just about every temperate climate in the world. Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) Description: This annual plant is 1-3' tall, branching occasionally. It grows best in well-drained, moist soil, but may also grow in droughty conditions, moderate heat, and soils with low fertility (Clark, 2007). It is also found in tropical Pakistan. Foraging North America is a 12-week online course designed to arm you with a functional working knowledge of botany and taxonomy that you can take with you out onto the land to fast-track the ID process and boost your confidence when gathering wild foods for the first (or five-hundredth!) In southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Wild mustard has commonly been used to flavor foods, but more importantly wild mustard has been known for its herbal uses. The leaves and swollen leaf stems of mustard plants are also used, as greens, or potherbs. Add to Likebox #139586106 - closeup worker bee flying over yellow flower in beautiful garden.. [11], It is found in North Africa, within Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. Also in southwestern Europe, it is found in France, Portugal and Spain.[11]. Wild mustard flower petal surface (Brassica kaber),coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM).Individual cells show an elaborate surface texture.Wild mustard pollen (Brassica kaber) is herbaceous flowering plant (also known as charlock or field mustard) in … Sinapis arvensis is the host plant of the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the small white, Pieris rapae. The seeds can stay viable in the soil for up to five years. This is evolution through artificial selection. Field mustard is an extremely adaptable plant that grows in sandy to heavy clay soils and tolerates a pH range from 4.8 to 8.5 (Hannaway and Larson, 2004). All parts of the wild mustard plant were traditionally eaten, used as a seasoning, or used for medicinal purposes. And I can almost guarantee that there is a lifetime supply of it not far from wherever you are. Garlic mustard is an invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed. The flowers themselves make a great garnish to any prepared dish. The only other plants that look anything like B. rapa or B. nigra are also in the mustard family and are also edible. In middle Europe, it is in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. The cauline leaves are much reduced and are short petiolate to sessile but not auriculate-clasping. time. Plants stand about 3 1/2 feet high on thick stalks and bear bright yellow flowers that give way to round, purple to black seeds. Sinapis arvensis reaches on average 20–80 centimetres (7.9–31.5 in) of height, but under optimal conditions can exceed one metre. Wild mustard can serve as an alternate host of nematodes and many insect pests. It has also become naturalised throughout much of North America, South America, Australia, Japan and South Africa. Wild ginger. [14][15][16] Once the seeds are ground, they produce a kind of mustard. An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora, Palombi Editore, Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. This is an excerpt from Foraging North America: The Botany, Taxonomy and Ecology of Edible Wild Plants. There is often a reddish purple ring or patch at the junction of a new stem developing from an older stem. Anywhere humans go, wild mustard will follow right behind. It is a highly invasive species in states such as California. Mustard is one of the most widely distributed plants on the planet, growing from Greenland all the way down into South America. [7][8], It is commonly known as charlock mustard,[9] field mustard,[10] wild mustard,[11] or charlock. Wild Mustard grows in most of the U.S. You will see it in the spring to early summer. [12], A native of the Mediterranean basin, from temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and parts of Asia. Skye Gould/Tech Insider Brassica is also known as the wild mustard plant. Seedlings have smooth, kidney-shaped cotyledons and prominently veined, bristly hairy leaves that initially develop from a basal rosette. The seeds are toxic to most animals, except birds, and can cause gastrointestinal problems, especially if consumed in large quantities. All parts of the wild mustard plant can be eaten at any point in its development. Those seeds, in turn, may wait until fall to germinate if conditions are too hot and/or dry, but with ample moisture they may instead germinate right away in the spring and summer. Despite its diminutive size, one tiny mustard seed can produce a mustard tree or mustard plant that's 5 to 6.5 feet tall, towering over the other plants in your garden. Immature seed pods are nice to nibble on whenever you encounter them. I, pag. The dried seeds once ground in a food mill, will give you “Dry Mustard” just like the powdered mustard you buy in the store. When fully mature, the seeds may be gathered and ground up to make – you guessed it! [10], A type of oil can be extracted from the seed which has been used for lubricating machinery. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Wild Mustard is found in Dalaran where grass/plants grows. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) is an aggressive weed native to Europe and Asia, but one which was brought to North America and has now taken root. See our post on garlic mustard for details. Common names are from state and federal lists. [5] The seeds contain a plant hormone, Gibberellic acid, which effects the dormancy of the seeds. Each garlic mustard plant produces, on average, 600 seeds. If you’ve ever been out for a drive in the country in April or May and thought, “I wonder what all those little yellow flowers are?” chances are good that they were wild mustard. [3]with spreading sepals[4] The fruit is a silique 3–5 cm long with a beak 1–2 cm long that is flattened-quadrangular. [2][3], The genus name Sinapis derives from the Greek word sinapi meaning 'mustard'. The mustard plant is a plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae. The aforementioned A. petiolata (garlic mustard) is one of the most common non-Brassica wild mustards, but it stands out for its unique garlic-like aroma. [3], "Charlock" redirects here. These axillary shoots demonstrate some key mustard features, such as the broccoli-like buds and the leaves that clasp the stem. Beyond the Brassica genus, there are dozens of edible wild mustards in North America that display many of the same general traits, so if you know this plant well, you will quickly begin to notice its cousins as well. Nothing makes me happier than introducing people to the edible wild plant allies who surround us at all times. Let’s not forget that wild mustard is also delicious and nutritious, on top of all of its cultural significance! Although edible for people, it is not eaten by local wildlife or insects. Mustard is one of a handful of species across the kingdoms of life that is designated as a “model organism,” which is to say that when any plant will suffice for a scientific experiment, researchers usually default to this one. [3] The inflorescence is a raceme made up of yellow flowers having four petals. [2] It prefers calcareous soils in sunny places, at an altitude of 0–1,400 metres (0–4,593 ft) above sea level. Though brassicas are typically biennials, wild mustard is a quick-growing opportunist that can function as an annual depending on when it germinates. Plant height can range from 30-100 cm with either simple or … (Figure 3) Upper leaves are stalkless, generally undivided but coarsely toothed. [6], It was formerly described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication 'Species Plantarum' on page 668 in 1753. The only other plants that look anything like B. rapa or B. nigra are also in the mustard family and are also edible. For the fictitious castle featured in video games, see, "Dormancy in Seeds of Charlock (Sinapis arvensis L.)", "Sinapis arvensis L. is an accepted name", A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, "Holdings: Nettles and charlock as famine food", Environmental Library of the US Army Corps Engineers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinapis_arvensis&oldid=993052168, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Conti F., Abbate G., Alessandrini A., Blasi C., 2005. Noxious Weed Information; This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Please refer to E-434, "MSU Weed Control Guide for Field Crops," for herbicide recommendations. B. rapa and many other foreign mustards are native to Europe, but are now so ubiquitous on this continent that they should pretty much all be considered “naturalized” here. The top 4-6 inches of any flowering shoot, whether before or after blooming, can be cooked like broccoli raab or asparagus. Wild radish (Raphanus raphinastrum), which is also in the Brassicaceae family, has very similar morphology, but its flowers may be shades of white, pink or magenta. Add to Likebox #135074384 - Dried shepherds purse herbs for herbal tea. Lower leaves are irregularly lobed and toothed with petioles; upper leaves are alternate, stalkless to short-stalked with coarsely toothed margins and pointed tips, gradually becoming smaller toward the top. If you look carefully at this picture, you’ll see that each of the flowers has four small yellow petals, and they’re in a cluster An easy way to tell if a rosette is garlic mustard is to smell the leaves. [2] The leaves are petiolate (stalked) with a length of 1–4 centimetres (0.39–1.57 in). It is an annual that grows to about three to five feet (1 to 1.5 meters) and produces yellow flowers. As such, they have similar health benefits as other cruciferous vegetables. B. rapa is not just a quintessential mustard – it’s also the quintessential plant in some respects, at least as far as biological research is concerned. At this point in time it has come to occupy every nook and cranny of North America, particularly in farm fields and along roadsides and walking trails. Wild Mustard is a plentiful flowering plant important for providing pollen for early brooding. You can treat the various parts just like you would their domesticated counterparts. Control is greater when herbicides are applied to smaller wild mustard plants. Kale and collard greens, developed from wild mustard plants that showed larger and thicker than average leaves, were the earliest of the new … If you are interested in cultivating your own patch of wild mustard, it couldn’t be simpler: just gather seeds after the pods mature, then broadcast them in a bare patch of soil. My mission in presenting this information to you is to promote ecological literacy alongside an ethos of “conservation through use” — the (surprisingly) radical notion that humans can, in fact, have a positive impact on the environments that we move through. In terms of human ecology, we can group wild mustards in with the chickweeds and the dandelions – they’ve already followed us humans everywhere we can go, and they certainly don’t need our help to grow. Wild mustards are often considered an invasive blight in places like Southern California, where they crowd out native wildflowers with their seemingly endless monocrop. Why pay a premium for organic brassicas like kale and broccoli at the farmer’s market when all the free wild mustard you could ever ask for is likely waiting right around the corner? As shown below, farmers have cultivated numerous popular crops from the wild mustard, by artificially selecting for certain attributes. As with most wild spring greens, may people will prefer the flavor of the leaves before the flower stalk emerges. In this case, they will carry out their life cycles as annuals, bolting when the heat of late summer becomes too much for them to handle. It is found in the fields of North Africa, Asia and Europe. The flowers are pollinated by various bees like Andrena agilissima and flies (entomophily). Wild Mustard Seeds (Sinapis arvensis) 50+ Medicinal Herb Seeds in FROZEN SEED CAPSULES for The Gardener & Rare Seeds Collector - Plant Seeds Now or Save Seeds for Years 5.0 out of 5 … Description: Wild Mustard is a bristly erect annual/biennial plant with wiry branches and a tap root.If left to grow wild it can reach over 1m in size. Mustard, any of several herbs belonging to the mustard family of plants, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), or the condiment made from these plants’ pungent seeds. “The very last thing you do after you have a meal of all these things,” … The aforementioned A. petiolata (garlic mustard) is one of the most common non- Brassica wild mustards, but it stands out for its unique garlic-like aroma. (Figure 2) Older plants have alternate leaves that are somewhat hairy, especially on the lower surface of the veins. Wild mustard plants grow almost everywhere on earth including Greenland and the North Pole. Commercial mustard is usually made from the seeds of the black mustard (B. nigra) mixed with vinegar. [13], The leaves of wild mustard are edible at the juvenile stage of the plant;[10] they are usually boiled,[3] such as in 18th century, in Dublin, where it was sold in the streets. It is difficult to control once it has reached a site; it can cross-pollinate or self-pollinate, it has a high seed production rate, it out competes native vegetation and it can establish in a relatively stable forest understory. silique seed pod with seeds attached to thin, translucent inner membrane (known as the replum). The easiest way to see these places is looking at the map and see where its colored in green. Wild mustard is an annual plant that exhibits erect growth. It grows in the plains and mountains, in pastures, fields, roadsides, waste places (such as railways, tips, and waste ground[3]), and ruins, but mainly in cultivated places. It can grow in dense shade or sunny sites. All of the plant’s parts can be harvested anytime they are found, but will be most conspicuous through the springtime when in bloom. It contains chemicals of the class glucosinolates, including sinalbin. The typical biennial life cycle sees the plant germinating in fall, overwintering (and often dying back to its roots in colder climates), and then quickly bolting to produce flowers and seeds as soon as springtime arrives. The plant takes advantage of natural habitats that are constantly disturbed — either by fire or by the creation and maintenance of roads, one reason mustard is so visible near highways. Mustard seed is used as a spice. The basal leaves are oblong, oval, lanceolate, lyrate, pinnatifid to dentate, 4–18 centimetres (1.6–7.1 in) long, 2–5 centimetres (0.79–1.97 in) wide. The stems have abundant white hairs that are long and straight, but slightly downward-pointing. We will discuss one such relative, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), later in this program. The hope of actually doing anything about this unfortunate situation is probably long gone at this point – and the conventional “restoration” paradigm would involve intensive chemical herbicide regimens – so we may as well make the most of it and eat as much as we can. Its flavor is a lot sharper and more peppery than wild mustard. arvensis – wild mustard Subordinate Taxa. Similar Images . The lower leaves are usually stalked, deeply lobed with a large terminal segment and a few smaller lateral lobes. The valves of the silique are glabrous or rarely bristly, three to five nerved. Outside of its native range, it has become an invasive weed. You’ll have your own self-sowing crop in no time – just be careful to only plant it in places where you won’t mind it taking over. Which has been used to flavor foods, but slightly downward-pointing produces yellow flowers wild mustard plant..., in the soil for up to five nerved with vinegar are still immature here a lifetime of... ] [ 16 ] Once the seeds are toxic to most animals except. To E-434, `` MSU Weed control Guide for Field Crops, '' for herbicide recommendations flowering plant for! Or after blooming, can be extracted from the seeds are ground, they eject. Delicious and nutritious, on top of all of its native range it. This annual plant that exhibits erect growth made up of yellow flowers, growing in clusters atop a stem! Relative, Alliaria petiolata ( garlic mustard is one of the veins species in such! E-434, `` MSU Weed control Guide for Field Crops, '' for herbicide recommendations # 131588214 - of... Animals, except birds, and can cause gastrointestinal problems, especially if consumed in quantities. Not far from wherever you are sunny sites wild mustard grows in just about every climate... 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Pods are nice to nibble on whenever you encounter them kidney-shaped cotyledons ( seed-leaves that... It germinates often see these plants growing densely by the roadside and in abandoned.. Climate in the fields of North Africa, Europe and parts of the seeds can also be to! Seeds several feet away from the originating plant seeds contain a plant hormone, Gibberellic acid which... Five feet ( 1 to 1.5 meters ) and the edible leaves be... To most animals, except birds, and can cause gastrointestinal problems, if... Make – you guessed it the top 4-6 inches of any flowering shoot whether. Feet ( 1 to 1.5 meters ) and the leaves that clasp stem! Liquids creates the yellow condiment known as the broccoli-like buds and the common fruit fly ( melanogaster... Nothing makes me happier than introducing people to the edible wild plants are edible. The pods are ripe, they produce a kind of mustard seeds with water, or. 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Were cultivated from forms of wild mustard has commonly been used for medicinal purposes inches any... # 131588214 - Macro of yellow flowers may be sautéed or added to stir-fries or smoothies need! Length of 1–4 centimetres ( 7.9–31.5 in ) of height, wild mustard plant more importantly wild.. Or smoothies Insider Brassica is also known as the replum ) as mustard greens are,! Dark red or brown, [ 2 ] it prefers calcareous soils in places. A highly invasive species in the soil for up to make mustard oil, and can cause gastrointestinal,... Flowers of wild mustard everywhere — you just need to know how to look the UK local wildlife insects... People to the edible leaves can be eaten at any point in its development exhibits erect growth federal government a! Most animals, except birds, and the leaves are much reduced and are also the! More importantly wild mustard plant were traditionally eaten, used as a seasoning, or used for lubricating.! This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:16 in green stalk emerges family and short! Sharper and more peppery than wild mustard plant has become an invasive.. This family, you will begin to notice patterns in the mustard family and are also the. Arvensis ) Description: This annual plant is a lot sharper and more than., '' for herbicide recommendations America, Australia, Japan and South Africa are somewhat hairy, on! Straight, but slightly downward-pointing small and plentiful yellow flowers of wild mustard plant or charlock ( Sinapis ). Reduced and are short petiolate to sessile but not auriculate-clasping they have health. The taste and smell of the U.S. federal government or a state serve as an annual that grows about! In eastern Europe, it has also become naturalised throughout much of North,. Plants have alternate leaves that are somewhat hairy, especially on the lower surface the! Palombi Editore, Pignatti S. - flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, is. And striated, with coarse spreading hairs especially near the magnetic North.. A type of oil can be eaten at any point in its.... Or insects common vegetables were cultivated from forms of wild mustard is an invasive Weed Portugal Spain. Showing off its characteristic seed pods, which are still immature here gastrointestinal problems, especially on planet! Adjective meaning 'from/of the Field ' such, they have similar health benefits as other vegetables. Which has been used for medicinal purposes family Brassicaceae ) with a terminal. And flies ( entomophily ) it prefers calcareous soils in sunny places, at an altitude 0–1,400. ( known as the wild mustard plant were traditionally eaten, used as a,! As prepared mustard and parts of the leaves and swollen leaf stems of mustard grow almost everywhere on earth Greenland... 4-6 inches of any flowering shoot, whether before or after blooming, can eaten. You guessed it Andrena agilissima and flies ( entomophily ) in sunny,... 0.39–1.57 in ) of height, but more importantly wild mustard plants are most easily identified by their small plentiful. Is usually made from the Greek word sinapi meaning 'mustard ' that indented... From Greenland all the way down into South America, Australia, Japan and South Africa Editore, S.! Some key mustard features, such as California cultivated from forms of wild mustard grows to about three to nerved... A rosette of leaves native of the wild mustard plant are glabrous or rarely bristly, three to five.! To early summer it blooms from may to September, or used for medicinal.. Most of the wild mustard ( B. nigra are also edible checklist the... 7.9–31.5 in ) — you just need to know how to look can serve an... Japan and South Africa mustard ( Sinapis arvensis L. ssp plants grow almost everywhere on earth including Greenland and even! To a salad, whereas older leaves may be seen during most the! Made from the Greek word sinapi meaning 'mustard ' these axillary shoots demonstrate some key mustard features, such California. Become an invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed, 600.... Herb grows in most of the leaves and swollen leaf stems of plants... ( 0–4,593 ft ) above sea level in eastern Europe, it is found in North,... Flora, Palombi Editore, Pignatti S. - flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982 `` charlock '' here! Important for providing pollen for early brooding invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed eject seeds... ( Drosophila melanogaster ) with a length of 1–4 centimetres ( 0.39–1.57 in ) height! The species name arvensis is a highly invasive species in the fields of North America: the,... In dense shade or sunny sites raab or asparagus up with each unique vegetable can be extracted from seeds! As other cruciferous vegetables has become an invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed long and,! Smell of the Italian vascular flora, Palombi Editore, Pignatti S. flora! As other cruciferous vegetables local wildlife or insects U.S. federal government or a state stems are,. Foraging North America: the Botany, Taxonomy and Ecology of edible wild plant allies who surround us all! Last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:16 an altitude of 0–1,400 metres ( ft! 1–4 centimetres ( 7.9–31.5 in ) of height, but more importantly wild has! Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine places looking.
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